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Game Theory is a branch of applied mathematics that studies strategy situations. Often they try to see a problem as some kind of game with a set of players ,a set of rules, and a set of payoff which depends on the strategy that each player used. The objective is to find an equilibrium between each of the different players, in a way that they all get the same payoff. Depending on the type of game it is more difficult to reach this equilibrium status. The basic characteristics of the games that this theory focus are the following:
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-Cooperative or non - cooperative: This aspect refers to how are communication between the players of a game, in the sense that if there is a chance that they can make a bond to benefic each other. G game in which players can make this bond are called cooperative games while games player can't are called non-cooperative games. An example of cooperative game is the legal system in which they cut deals with some guys in order to get some information for their benefit. An example of a non-cooperative game can be chess, usually games 1vs1 in which if one of the players win the other looses are non-cooperative.

-Symmetric or Asymmetric: This aspect refers to the set of strategies player have, if all the players have all the same strategies available then the game is know as Symmetric game, games in which players not necessary has the same set of strategies are called Asymmetric games. An example of a symmetric game is BlackJack, An example of a Asymmetric game can be tic-tac-toc.

-Zero-sum and non Zero-sum: Zero-sum games are those in which one players wins only if another players looses and in the same amount, this means that one players at expense that other one looses. An example of this time of games is poker. Non zero-sum games are those in which the payoff of a players does not depend on the payoff of the others, an example of this type is blackjack if more than 1 player is playing against the house and in relation between each player.

-Perfect or imperfect information: Perfect games are those in which all players know exactly what strategy their opponent are using during a game, usually this types of game are in sequence, this means that there a set of organize decisions and players are aware of the previous decision each one of them make. An example of this types of games is chess. Imperfect information games are those in which player no necessarily know the decision of the players, all tho sometimes they can have part of the information about the decision a players has made.

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There is an interesting game that is worth mentioning, its called the prisoner's dilemma, that game goes like this: two criminals are cough near a crime scene, the police doesn't have enough evidence to lock any of them, but they have some circumstance evidence that can prove they were there. The police separates the two criminals in two different interrogation rooms and propose the same deal to both of them, the deal says that if they betray each other they will both get 5 years in jail since they will have evidence to prove both of them are guilty, if one them betrays the other and the other doesn't betray him, the one who got betray will get 10 years in jail and the other will go free since they will have strong evidence to lock the other one, if none of them betray the other then they will both spend 1 year in prison. When you analyze this game from a individual point you can see that the optimal strategy is to betray because, if you think ahead and you said well lets think he is going to betray, then the best thing for me is to betray him likewise in order to get 5 years instead of 10, if he is not going to betray, then again the best thing for me to do is betray since i will get 0 years instead of 1. Turns out the optimal solution for both of them ends up in spending both 5 years in prison, you can see that there is an option which it's payoff is1 years each, its call a dilemma because of this you cant prove any side.

Over the years the studies of this games have help mathematician understand so many situations and thats why you can find a lot of applications of game theory in a lot of field like : social science, economics , biology ,engineering, political science, international relations, computer science, philosophy among others.